involuntary

Bilinçli kontrol veya niyet olmadan yapılan; istemsiz.

Done without conscious control or intention; not voluntary.

• She gave an involuntary shudder when she heard the news.
• Breathing is largely an involuntary process.
• His involuntary muscle contractions were caused by stress.
• The ethics committee debated whether involuntary participation in medical trials could ever be justified under emergency conditions.
• Reflex actions represent involuntary responses that evolved to protect organisms from immediate physical harm without conscious deliberation.
• Economic downturns often result in involuntary unemployment, affecting workers whose skills remain relevant but whose positions are eliminated.

Eş anlamlılar: automatic, reflex, instinctive, unintentional, unconscious

Zıt anlamlılar: voluntary, deliberate, intentional, conscious, willing